Oxygen vacancies as a link between the grain growth and grain boundary conductivity anomalies in titanium-rich strontium titanate

Titanium-rich (Sr/Ti?=?0.995) strontium titanate (ST) ceramics, air-sintered in a temperature range of 1400–1625?°C, were reported to possess anomalies in the grain growth and analogous anomalies in the grain boundary (GB) conductivity activation energy. However, these two interface-related phenomena, occurring at GBs, could not be associated with each other using a simple “brick-layer” model. In this work we revise the topic and advocate that the deviation from the model comes from the oxygen vacancies localized at GBs of the rapidly-cooled ST ceramics. To verify this, we annealed the ceramics in oxygen and performed their systematic and comparative analysis using impedance spectroscopy. A levelling-off in the GB conductivity activation energy, which increases for ≤1.24?eV, and a four-fold decrease in the GB permittivity are observed after annealing. Thus, we confirm a key role of oxygen vacancies in relation between the grain growth and GB conductivity anomalies of as-sintered Ti-rich ST ceramics.     

Mullite-bonded SiC-whisker-reinforced SiC matrix composites: Preparation,characterization, and toughening mechanisms

A novel mullite-bonded SiC-whisker-reinforced SiC matrix composite (SiCw/SiC, SiC whisker-to-SiC powder mass ratio of 1:9) was designed and successfully prepared. Before preparing the composite, the inexpensive lab-made SiCw was first modified by an oxidation/leaching process and then coated with Al₂O₃. The kinetics results indicate that the oxidation process can be described by improved shrinking-cylinder models. The aspect ratio of SiCw improved after modification. Subsequently, raw materials with a SiC–SiO₂–Al₂O₃ triple-layered structure were obtained after the Al₂O₃-coating process and used as feedstocks during the subsequent hot-pressing sintering. Finally, the characterization of the composites indicates that the mullite-bonded sample performs better (relative density of 93.8?±?1.4%, flexural strength of 533.3?±?18.2?MPa, fracture toughness of 13.6?±?2.1?MPa?m^1/2, and Vickers hardness of 20.6?±?2.5?GPa) than the reference sample without the mullite interface. The improved toughness could essentially be attributed to the moderately strong interface bonding and effective load transfer effects of the mullite interface.     

辛置煤矿10#煤综采工作面防灭火技术研究与应用

针对辛置煤矿10#煤综采工作面煤层自然发火的特点,采用现场实测分析及注胶防灭火的方法,对工作面煤体漏风情况、回采巷道内风流温度、CO及CH4浓度进行了监测,并应用了注胶防灭火的技术。针对工作面煤体内多处漏风严重,应用粉煤灰、高分子胶体注胶技术进行防治后,各监测点风流温度及煤层温度均得到有效降低,保证了工作面安全推进。     

综放工作面风量及采空区漏风定量检测

通过对中煤塔山煤矿30509综放工作面采空区漏风及有害气体分析的研究，总结了通过定量连续释放SF₆示踪气体，来检测工作面风量与采空区漏风的方法，测定了沿工作面采空区的漏风分布及漏风流线的深度。采用定时测量法，确定了30509工作面随工作面不断推进，与对应地表发生了导通现象；采用定量测量法，确定了内部漏风量和外部漏风量较大，对综采工作面采空区自然发火存在较大风险，同时提出了防范措施，为减少综放工作面采空区漏风、防止自然发火的发生提供了参考。     

综采工作面过上覆煤柱技术研究

近距离上层煤开采过后留有许多残余煤柱,这些煤柱往往导致下层煤开采过程中出现强烈的矿压显现情况。针对综采工作面过上覆采空区煤柱矿压显现剧烈的问题,以山西上榆泉煤矿工作面地质条件为基础,对相邻43303工作面回采过程中的矿压显现情况进行了总结分析,确定上层煤煤柱与本层煤顶板形成的次生顶板结构是造成工作面来压强度增大的主要原因,并从43302工作面过上覆煤柱前、中、后三个阶段,制定了改变采高、调斜、顶板预裂以及加快工作面推进速度等技术措施。根据现场实践效果,采用该措施能够减弱工作面矿压显现强度,改善工作面片帮、冒顶等情况,实现对工作面降压的目的,具有良好的应用效果。     

二氧化碳加氢制甲醇铜基催化剂性能的研究进展

二氧化碳（CO₂）加氢制甲醇对于解决CO₂排放和能源紧缺问题具有重要意义，催化剂的研究是这项技术的关键。铜基催化剂因高效廉价而被广泛研究，但目前的生产效率离实现工业化仍有距离。本文针对铜基催化剂，首先探讨了活性中心的存在形式，然后从活性组分负载量、载体、助剂、制备方法及条件、预处理条件这5个方面，分别分析其对催化剂的活性、选择性以及稳定性等的影响，以期为CO₂高值转化为甲醇的铜基催化剂的制备和筛选提供参考。按照广泛接受的双位点机理可知，CO₂转化率与铜表面积密切相关，甲醇选择性与强碱位点含量密切相关。因此，各方面因素通过影响催化剂比表面积、铜表面积、铜分散度、碱性位点、铜与载体的协同作用等物理化学参数，进而影响CO₂转化率与甲醇选择性。     

Study of using a multi-touch tabletop technology to facilitate collaboration,interaction, and awareness in co-located environment

This study aimed to evaluate how differently co-located users perform and interact while solving problems by using existing and newly developed interaction mechanisms of a multi-touch tabletop system on a large-size tabletop display. Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate users’ perceived situation awareness due to the system. This study conducted one experiment and introduced three newly developed interaction mechanisms: two-way rubber band, drag-and-response, and centre collection area. Two-way rubber band enables users not only to send but also to request digital objects. Drag-and-response allows users to accept or to reject digital objects sent by others; therefore, it eliminates conflicting situations and interference. Centre collection area stores, organises, and manages shared digital resources on a surface of a tabletop display, so that users have an overall picture of available resources. This paper discusses results of an experiment, research findings, and implications along with conclusions and several suggestions for future development and research.     

测井曲线标准化方法研究

由于长岭凹陷区经过近60年的勘探开发,再加上井场井眼条件的差异、测井系列、仪器刻度、测量时间及操作者不同等因素,使得各测井曲线存在系统误差。因此在开展储层参数研究和有效厚度划分时,为消除这些非地层因素对原始资料的影响,有必要对测井曲线进行标准化,以保证解释结果的合理性与可靠性。测井曲线标准化方法可以分为定性和定量两种类型。其中定性方法主要包括直方图法标准化校正、均值法标准化校正和重叠图法标准化校正;定量方法则为趋势面分析校正法。本论文利用Matlab软件,采用趋势面方法对研究区域内的井进行测井曲线标准化。结果表明经过趋势面法标准化校正能够消除不利因素,准确的提取出测井曲线中的各种有用地质信息。     

矿用可移动式救生舱的构成及安放

该文对矿用可移动式救生舱进行了分类,对比了各自的优缺点,指出国内厂家和高校均以硬体式救生舱作为主要研究对象;随后着重对此种救生舱的总体构成进行了说明,介绍了过渡舱、生活舱和设备舱的具体功能和内部设备;最后论述了几种固定和安放方式的利弊,指出在实际应用中,应根据所在巷道的地质特点合理选择安置方案。     

A new insight into the adsorption mechanism of patulin by the heat-inactive lactic acid bacteria cells

The primary objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of the heat-inactived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cells involved in the adsorption of patulin. The bacterial cells were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. The patulin-exposed bacterial cells and patulin-unexposed bacterial cells were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta Potential and Contact Angle Method. It was found that Lactobacillus brevis 20023 (LB-20023), which has the highest specific surface area and cell wall volume, showed the highest capacity to adsorb patulin from the aqueous solution. Five major elements (C, N, O, P, and S) were detected by SEM-EDS, and LB-20023 displayed the highest nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratio (0.2938). LB-20023 exhibited the highest hydrophobicity, but the zeta potential was not prominent compared to other bacterial cells. The main functional groups involved in adsorbing patulin were C–O, OH and/or NH groups, suggesting that polysaccharides and/or protein were important functional components. Above all, the adsorption capacity of bacterial cells had close relationships with physical and chemical properties of cell surface, including specific surface area, cell wall volume, nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratio, hydrophobicity and functional groups. Further study will be needed to find other additional functional factors.